ICS 54
Klefstad

Course Introduction
    Course topics
    Motivation
    About the course
    Summary of Unix features
    History

Course topics
    . Unix
        . a popular operating system started in 1969 at AT&T's Bell Labs
        . Berkeley Unix is one of the most popular versions of Unix
    . C++
        . C is a popular systems programming language
        . ANSI C is a standard, improved version of C
        . C++ is an object-oriented programming language based on C

Motivation
    . knowledge of Unix and C++ is useful here at UCI and in your career
    . expertise will increase your efficiency and effectiveness
    . mastery of one operating system and programming language will
        make it easier for you to learn others later
    . practical experience through homework and quizzes

About the course
    . course will follow an excellent textbook
    . will start with basics and overview
    . will cover several topics in depth possibly including:
        . utilities: vi, emacs, filters, and pipelines
        . shell: usage and programming
        . C-level systems programming: to write new tools
        . networking: rlogin, ftp, uucp, sockets
        . program maintenance: debugger, make, RCS
        . document formatting: LaTeX, spell, xfig, tpic
        . windowing systems: wm, X-Windows

Summary of Unix features
    . multi-user time-sharing operating system
    . hierarchical file system
        . files (terminals)
        . directories (internal nodes)
        . root directory
    . file access control
        . super users vs. regular users
        . groups
        . file protection
    . compatible input/output for files, devices, and processes
        . redirection of I/O provides great flexibility and power

    . compactness and efficiency
        . small kernel - easy to port to a new computer
        . large (growing) number of programs providing different functionality
    . concurrent processes
        . both users and programs can create and manage multiple
            concurrent processes
        . concurrent processes may be composed with pipelines or sockets
    . many utilities
        . text editors, language processors, document processors,
            electronic mail, file manipulation, database, software
            engineering, networking, and many more

    . a general command processor shell
        . user customizable
        . may be replaces/redefined
        . many exist: bourne, csh, tcsh, etc
    . portability
        . easy to make Unix work on a new computer
        . Unix is written in C
        . machine-specific portions are isolated
    . extensible/customizable
        . shell and tools can be combined or redefined
        . new tools can be written in C or shell language

History
    . Unix was first began in 1969 by Rudd Canaday, Ken Thompson, and
        Dennis Ritchie at AT&T's Bell Labs.
    . they wanted a simple, but powerful, programming environment
    . C was developed for writing Unix
    . Unix was re-written in C in 1973
    . 7th edition of Unix was released in 1979

    . Prof. R. S. Fabry at U. C. Berkeley added vi, csh, virtual memory
        to release Berkeley Unix 4.1 in 1981
    . added new file system, full networking, interprocess
        communication for Unix 4.2 in 1983
    . added job control for Unix 4.3 in 1986
    . Bell Labs has their own version currently called 'System V' Unix
    . numerous other versions including:
        . HP-UX (Hewlett-Packard)
        . Ultrix (DEC)
        . AIX (IBM)
        . XENIX (Microsoft)